Unit 3.Justice (Resources)

GRAMMAR
class pdf
solutions pdf

Modal Verbs

Advice

Should -------------------------------------------------------deberías

 ex: You should study harder---------------deberias estudiar más
       Should you study...?
       You shouldn't study

Ought to ---------------------------------------deberías

ex: You ought to study harder

      (no negative or interrogative form)

Ability

Can --------------------------------------------------------------puedo

ex: I can write with my left hand
     I can't write...
     Can I write...?

Could ----------------------------------------------------------- podía

ex: When I was young I could run very fast
      I couldn't run
      Could you run...?

Be able to -----------------------------------------------ser capaz de 

ex: In the future I will be able to speak English correctly
      I will not be able to speak
      Will you be able to speak?

Permision

Can ------------------------------------------------------------puedo

ex: Can I open the window?

Could----------------------------------------------------------Podría

ex: Could I open the window?
      I couldn't open the window
      Could you open the window?

Be allowed to-------------------------------------------- permitirse

ex: It is not allowed to smoke in public places
      It is allowed to smoke
      Is it allowed to smoke?

Possibility and cartainity

Could --------------------------------------------Podria, puede que

ex. John could be at the doctor
      John couldn't be at the doctor
      Could John be at the doctor?

Might---------------------------------------------------- debe/quizás

ex. John might be at the doctor
      John might not be...
      Might John be at the doctor?

May ------------------------------------------------------------ quizás

ex. John may be at the doctor
      John may not be at the doctor
      May John be at the doctor?

Must------------------------------------------------------- seguro que 

ex: John must be at the doctor
      John musn't be at the doctor
      Must Jhon be at the doctor?

Can't------------------------------------------------ no puede ser que

ex: John can't be at the doctor

(NOT couldn't, mustn't)

Prohibition

Mustn't -------------------------------------------------------no debes

ex: You mustn't eat junk food

(NOT must)

Obligation

Have to ------------------------------------------------------tienes que

ex: I have to buy milk
     Do you have to buy milk?

Don't have to -----------------------no tines que (no es necesario que)

ex: You don't have to come if you don't want to

Need to ------------------------------------------------------- tienes que

ex: I need to buy milk

Needn't--------- no tienes que

ex: You needn't come if you don't want to

must------------ debes. 

ex: You must come to class. 

(NOT mustn't)

EXERCISE: translate and then transform the sentences into interrogatives and negatives. 

1. Debería haber estudiado mas para el examen. 
2. No es necesario tomar notas en clase. 
3. Quizás llegue a tiempo para la conferencia. 
4. Cuando era pequeña podía saltar muy alto. 
5. Cuando acabe la carrera podré ganar mucho dinero. 
6. Debo haber puesto las llaves en la nevera
7.  Me podría haber invitado a su fiesta

8. nos podria haber dado su libro
9. Debe haber vuelto de París
10. Debería haber estudiado
11. No debería haber comido chocolate

Basic Structure Modal Verbs

Sentences to translate


VOCABULARY

CRIME AND JUTICE
arrest---arrestar
break the law---saltar-se la ley
commit a crime---cometre un crim
do communitary service---fer treballs per la comunitat
get away with ---esquivar el càstig
get carried away---deixar-se portar
give (sb) a sentence---sentenciar (algú)
go to court---anar a judici
go to prison---anar a la presó
pay a fine---pagar una multa
punish---castigar
spend time in prison---passar temps a la presó
treat (sb) fairly---trancar (algú) justament

NOUNS 
burglary---robatori a una casa
arson---incendi provocat
vandalism---vandalisme
criminal---criminal
judge---judge
offender---infractor/criminal
victim---víctima
witness---testimoni

TEXT
sell-by date---data de caducitat
loss---perdua
income---ingressos
damages---danys, danys i perjudicis
realize---adonar-se
injuring---danyant
sympathetic---comprensiu
to sue (sbd)--- demandar algú
do a good deed---fer una bona acció

IDIOMS
be above board---ser legitim, legal, net. 
catch somene red handed---atrapar infraganti
face the music---afrontar les conseqüències
get to the bottom of sth---anar al fons de la qüestió
keep your nose clean---allunyar-se dels problemes (mantenir les mans netes)
step out of line---pasarse de la ralla

PHRASAL VERBS
bring in (sth)---iniciar, portar
cover up---tapar, cobrir
find out --- averiguar
let on (about sth)---delatar 
own up to ---admetre, confessar
set (sb) up---incriminar, 
stamp out---acabar amb, erradicar
stand up to (sb)--afrontar, confrontar

NOUN SUFFIXES
assist---assistance
interfere---interference
disturb---disturbance
offend---offence

contaminate---contamination
examine---examination

discover---discovery
enquire---enquiry

establish---establishment
imprison---imprisonment

remove---removal



ADVISE

Activity: REPRIMAND, GIVE ADVISE AND GUESS YOUR "GOOD DEEDS"

 DO NOT USE WORDS FROM THE SENTENCE

You should have....

You shouldn't have

You could have...

You needn't have...

If you had... he/she might have...

I am addicted to the bingo




I got stung by a bee

My boyfriend/girlfriend left me because I was too gelous. 

I failed in English 

I have a hangover because I went to a party yesterday. 

POSSIBILITY AND CERTAININTY

Activity: What must have happenend?

Activity: jump to conclusions

Tell the students you are going to describe a situation that is open to interpretation (see box for examples). When you finish, ask them to work in pairs and make as many sentences as possible as to what may have happened. For this they should use modal verb + have + past participle, e.g.

When I arrived at school today, there were papers all over the floor in the hall and the director’s office.

Possible conclusions:

• There may have been a break-in.
• The director might have gone crazy and thrown the papers around.
• Some students may have played a joke.
• The director must have been furious.

Possible situations:

• You were stuck in traffic for two hours.
• You heard loud dance music coming from the staff room.
• No students came to class.
• When you walked in, all the students started laughing.
• X (a student’s name) was fifteen minutes late.

Crime scene investigation 
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1YECFmvUWVgXzZwfCvAIkiWj71Dbr6KLYXdLlv3gbE1I/edit#slide=id.g121c9df7be_0_88

Worksheet: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/0B30WrHeePNVVa2FMRE1RWko4bmM